Protective Effect of All-Trans Retinoic Acid in Cisplatin-Induced Testicular Damage in Rats

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in cisplatin (CP)-induced testicular damage in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Control, ATRA alone, ATRA+CP, and CP alone. Body weight, testicular weight, sperm count, sperm motility, percentage of abnormal sperm, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) in testicular tissue, and testicular histopathology were compared among groups. RESULTS: The sperm count and motility significantly decreased and the percentage of abnormal sperm significantly increased in the CP group compared to the control and ATRA groups. CP+ATRA administration significantly increased the sperm count and motility, but reduced the abnormal sperm count. CP administration significantly increased TOS and OSI compared to the control group and the other groups. Administering CP+ATRA significantly decreased TOS and the OSI in testicular tissue and reduced spermatogenesis, but increased the Johnsen score. CONCLUSIONS: The destructive effects of CP treatment on testicular tissue and spermatogenesis were reduced by administering ATRA.

Predictors of prostate cancer diagnosis at repeat prostate biopsy in patients initially diagnosed with atypical small acinar proliferation

Objective: To determine the predictors of prostate cancer at repeat biopsy in patients initially diagnosed with atypical small acinar proliferation [ASAP]

Design: Retrospective study

Setting: Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Turkey

Subjects: Among 1240 patients, only 54 patients diagnosed with ASAP on initial biopsy underwent repeat biopsy

Intervention: Patients were classified into cancer, benign and ASAP groups according to their final pathological results after repeat biopsy

Main outcome measure: The final pathological results of repeat biopsy were compared according to the clinicobiological features

Results: At the repeat 24 core prostate biopsy, the diagnoses were benign prostate, prostate cancer and ASAP in 26/54 [48.2%], 20/54 [37.03%] and 8/54 [14.8%] patients, respectively. In the cancer, ASAP and benign groups, the mean age was 67.2 +/- 5.4, 56.3 +/- 6.7 and 61.8 +/- 8.5 years, respectively. The cancer detection rate was 37.03%. Except for patient age, we found no clinical or pathological features predicting prostate cancer in patients with ASAP at repeat biopsy

Conclusion: Only the age of the patients is a predictive factor of prostate cancer at repeat biopsy in patients diagnosed with ASAP

Clinical features and outcomes of nontransitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder: analysis of 125 cases

The aim was to evaluate pathologic diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of 125 patients with nontransitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. A total of 3590 patients with bladder tumors operated in our clinic between September 1998 and May 2013 were retrospectively evaluated. A total of 125 patients [107 men and 18 women] with nontransitional cell bladder cancer, confirmed by histopathology, were included in this study. The patients' characteristics, including age, gender, smoking history, tumor size, and localization, histological types, pathological tumor stages, treatment modalities, and survival rates were all recorded. Of these tumors, 47 [37.6%] were adenocarcinoma [AC], 42 [33.6%] were squamous cell carcinoma [SCC], 23 [18.4%] were undifferentiated carcinoma [UC], 13 [10.4%] were other types of bladder carcinoma. Sixty-three [50.4%] patients had undergone radical cystectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy +/- adjuvant treatment [chemotherapy [CT]/radiotherapy] and 52 [41.6%] patients received radiotherapy +/- CT. The median survival time of patients with AC and SCC were significantly higher than patients with UC [AC vs UC, P = 0.001; SCC vs UC, P = 0.000; AC vs. SCC, P = 0.219]. Median survival time was significantly higher in radical cystectomy +/- adjuvant treatment group [P < 0.05] in all histological types. Prognosis of urinary bladder tumors was directly related to histological type and stage of the tumor. CT or radiotherapy has limited response rates. Early radical cystectomy should be performed to improve prognosis